In 1972, the U.S. government enacted new laws to protect equal opportunities in education by prohibiting discrimination based on sex. These laws and associated regulations and interpretations are generally all referred to under the heading of Title IX. The language of Title IX directly refers to discrimination but makes no mention of harassment. However, interpretations …

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Title IX complaints can be difficult and anxiety-inducing for the complainant and the respondent in any case, and many fears surrounding the Title IX process at a college or university involve concerns about confidentiality. Parties in the case want to know if their names can be released in an ongoing Title IX investigation, or after …

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Sex discrimination, including sexual harassment, can destroy a person’s ability to access educational opportunities. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a federal law that provides critically important legal protections against this type of discrimination. Among other things, the law requires all schools that receive any form of federal financial assistance to administer …

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Under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, discrimination on the basis of sex is strictly prohibited in all schools, institutions, programs, and educational activities that receive any amount of federal funding. The law is clear: Sexual harassment, which includes sexual misconduct, is a form of sex-based discrimination that violates Title IX. Of course, …

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